Keywords
Pyroligneous Acid
Optimization
Heat Exchanger
Response Surface Methodology
Biomass
Abstract
Biomass material is a renewable source of energy which are readily available and being produced in large quantities as most of it goes to waste. These materials can be recovered through pyrolysis process in order to produce usable products like biochar and pyroligneous acid. These products can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides. The aim of this research was to optimize the pyrolysis parameters in production of pyroligneous acid from acacia twigs. The parameters varied were feedstock moisture content (10%, 15% and 20%), Pyrolysis residence time (90 minutes, 135 minutes and 180 minutes) and chimney inclination angle (30o, 45o and 60o). Smoke condensation system also known as heat exchanger was used for condensing the pyrolysis smoke in to pyroligneous acid. Response Surface Methodology technique by using Box-Behnken Design was used to develop a mathematical equation to predict the yield of the pyroligneous acid with respect to varied parameters which was later optimized to determine the optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid yield. The optimal conditions for pyroligneous acid yield (30.64%) were 16.16% feedstock moisture content, pyrolysis residence time of 90 minutes and chimney inclination angle of 30o. The mathematical equation developed had low standard error of 0.440 with a composite desirability of 0.9091 at p-value ≤0.05 which made it viable. These research findings are of importance since pyrolysis of the biomass material will maintain a balance in the environment and also serve as a source of livelihood when the products are sold as bio-fertilizer or bio-pesticides.
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