Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a critical staple in Kenya, yet its domestic production falls short of demand, increasing dependence on imports. Productivity in smallholder irrigation schemes remains constrained by inconsistent agronomic practices, particularly land preparation, which strongly influences soil structure, nutrient dynamics, and crop establishment. This study assessed the impact of various land preparation methods on rice growth parameters and yield at the Kimira-Oluch Irrigation Scheme in Homa Bay County, Kenya. A randomised complete block design was used, with treatments comprising tractor tillage, oxen tillage, hand tillage, and no-till, each replicated three times. Growth parameters measured included plant height, tiller number, tiller density, and leaf area index (LAI). Additionally, soil bulk density and porosity were determined. Grain yield was recorded at maturity and analysed using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests at a 5% significance level. Results revealed significant differences among treatments. Tractor tillage consistently recorded the highest plant height, LAI, and yield, while oxen and human tillage produced moderate values, and no-till plots performed the poorest. Soil analysis showed lower bulk density and higher porosity under tractor tillage, conditions favourable for root development and nutrient uptake. Positive correlations were observed between growth parameters and yield, underscoring their predictive value in rice productivity. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate land preparation in optimising rice production in smallholder irrigation schemes.
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