MODELLING THE PERFORMANCE OF A CAMEL MILK STORAGE STRUCTURE WITH EVAPORATIVE COOLING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Abstract

Storage and marketing of camel milk in arid lands of Kenya is hampered by lack of cold storage facilities. This  problem  can  be  alleviated  by  using  storage  structures  incorporating  evaporative  cooling  whose performance depends on climatic conditions. The objective of this work was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict cooled milk temperature and cooling efficiency of a locally fabricated cooler. Data were obtained from the cooler which was tested under various experimental conditions. Using some of the experimental data for training, a three-layer feed-forward ANN model based on back propagation Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was developed using the Neural Network Toolbox for MATLAB®. The optimal model had a 4-4-2 structure with sigmoid transfer function in both layers. The inputs of the model were ambient dry bulb temperature,  wet  bulb temperature, wind speed  and temperature of drip water, whereas the  outputs were  cooled  milk  temperature and  cooling  efficiency.  The  experimental  data  set (n=165) was randomly divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) sub-sets. The performance of the ANN predictions was evaluated by comparing the predicted and experimental results. The predictions agreed well with experimental values with mean squared error of 10.2, mean relative error of 4.02% and correlation coefficients in the range of 0.86-0.93. This study reveals that, as an alternative to conventional modelling  techniques,  the  ANN approach  can  be  used  successfully for  predicting the  performance  of locally fabricated camel milk storage structures incorporating evaporative cooling in arid pastoral areas of Kenya. The model can be used as a design tool to estimate the sizing and performance of future coolers, as it allows the prediction of the performance of hypothetical coolers designed without a need for time demanding experimentation. This can aid in up-scaling the technology.