Abstract
Internal combustion (IC) compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel, play a dominant role of today’s economies, particularly in the agriculture and transport sectors. However, because of diesel associated concerns greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, coupled with depletion of its reserves together and fluctuations in prices, the biodiesel has gained popularity as a promising alternative fuel. Unfortunately, engines running on biodiesel are associated with decreased power output, poor fuel atomization and increased nitrogen oxides emissions. Biodiesels have been blended with diesel to improve on its properties, however, it has been a difficult to obtain the best blending level, since they are sourced from a variety of vegetable oils whose fuel parameters and interactions differ considerably, causing variation in their combustion processes. Thus, the research aimed to investigate the effects of biodiesels’ blends with diesel on engine performance parameters. Five biodiesels from waste vegetable oil, canola, sunflower, oleander, and coconut oil were characterized and blended with diesel at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by volume. The blends were tested in a 3.5 kW CI engine at maximum speeds and loads. Experiments indicated the biodiesel blends lead to reduced lower heating value, increased density and kinematic viscosity compared to diesel. The blends resulted into increased fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides, while, reducing on brake thermal efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions
References
Abdelrazek, M. K., Abdelaal, M. M., & El-Nahas, A. M. (2023). Numerical simulation of a diesel engine performance powered by soybean biodiesel and diesel fuels. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 12(1), 11.
Agarwal, A. K., Srivastava, D. K., Dhar, A., Maurya, R. K., Shukla, P. C., & Singh, A. P. (2013). Effect of fuel injection timing and pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. Fuel, 111, 374-383.
Alpgiray, B. (2006). Determination of the effects of the canola oil on the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. Master Thesis. Ankara University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences.
Aydın, S. (2020). Comprehensive analysis of combustion, performance and emissions of power generator diesel engine fueled with different source of biodiesel blends. Energy, 205, 118074.
Barnwal, B. K., & Sharma, M. P. (2005). Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 9(4), 363-378.
Bereczky, Á., Lukács, K., Farkas, M., and Dóbé, S. (2014). Effect of γ-valerolactone blending on engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine. Natural Resources, 5, 177-191.
Chandran, D. (2020). Compatibility of diesel engine materials with biodiesel fuel. Renewable energy, pp. 147, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.040.
Fayyaz H.H., Mujtaba, M.A., Saad J., Shahid I., Muhammad A. I. M., Fayaz, H., Saleel, C.A., Uqba H., Saifullah Q., and Hamza f. (2023). A comprehensive study on the performance and emission analysis in diesel engine via optimization of novel ternary fuel blends: Diesel, manganese, and diethyl ether, Heliyon, Volume 9, Issue 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21133 .
Gad, M., and Jayaraj, S. (2020). A comparative study on nano-additives' effect on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine running on Jatropha biodiesel. Fuel, 267, 117168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117168.
Ghazali, W. N. M. W., Mamat, R., Masjuki, H. H., & Najafi, G. (2015). Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 585-602.
Heywood, J.B. (1988) Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Hussain, S., Malik, S., Masud Cheema, M., Ashraf, M. U., Waqas, M., Iqbal, M., ... & Afzal, H. (2020). An overview on emerging water scarcity challenge in Pakistan, its consumption, causes, impacts and remedial measures. Big Data in Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE), 1(1), 22-31.
Lapuerta, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., and Agudelo, J. R. (2008). Diesel particulate emissions from used cooking oil biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 99(4), 731-740.
Lee, C., Park, a., Kwon, S. (2005). An Experimental Study on the Atomization and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel-blended Fuels. Energy & Fuels, 5(19), 2201-2208. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050026h
Menga, L. (2022). Industrial revolution and the birth of modern architecture. International Scientific Journal Vision, 7(1), 105-123.
Mofijur, M., Rasul, M., Hyde, J., Bhuyia, M. (2015). Role of Biofuels on Ic Engines Emission Reduction. Energy Procedia, (75), 886-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.211.
Neupane, D. (2022). Biofuels from Renewable Sources, a Potential Option for Biodiesel Production. Bioengineering, 10(1), 29.
Niculescu, R., Clenci, A., & Iorga-Siman, V. (2019). Review on the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends in compression ignition engines. Energies, 12(7), 1194.
Rastogi, P. M., Sharma, A., & Kumar, N. (2021). Effect of CuO nanoparticles concentration on the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine running on jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis) biodiesel. Fuel, 286, 119358.
Sani, S., Kaisan, M. U., Kulla, D. M., Obi, A. I., Jibrin, A., & Ashok, B. (2018). Determination of physico chemical properties of biodiesel from Citrullus lanatus seeds oil and diesel blends. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 702-708.
Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Chintala, V., Khatri, N., Matsakas, L. (2020). Environment-friendly Biodiesel/diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance To Reduce The Pollutants Emitted From Transportation Fleets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(17), 3896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113896.
Smith, A., et al. (2021). "Optimization Techniques for CI Engines." Journal of Engine Research, 15(2), 123-145
Singh, R., Singh, S., and Pathak, B. (2007). Performance of renewable fuel based ci engine.
Strong, C., Erickson, C., and Shukla, D. (2004). Evaluation of biodiesel fuel: Literature review: Montana Department of Transportation Research Section.
Tasic, I., Tomić, M., Aleksić, A., Đurišić-Mladenović, N., Martinovic, F., Micic, R. D. (2019). Improvement of Low-temperature Characteristics of Biodiesel By Additivation. Chemical Industry, 2(73), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.2298/hemind190117009t.
Traviss, N. (2012). Breathing easier? The known impacts of biodiesel on air quality. Biofuels, 3(3), 285.
Verma, P., and Singh, V. M. (2014). Assessment of diesel engine performance using cotton seed biodiesel. Integrated Research Advances, 1(1), 1-4.
Xue, J., Grift, T. E., & Hansen, A. C. (2011). Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2), 1098-1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.016.
Zheng, M., Asad, U., Reader, G. T., Tan, Y., and Wang, M. (2009). Energy efficiency improvement strategies for a diesel engine in low‐temperature combustion. International Journal of Energy Research, 33(1), 8-28.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.